The Effect of Pollution on the Distribution of Organisms...

The Effect of Pollution on the Distribution of Organisms Along the River Roding System Method Equipment Pond net Tray Pots and lids Spoons Hand lens Wellington boots Specimen Pots Freshwater Invertebrate Key Scrap Paper (note pad) Gloves Tape to cover cuts Pencil I investigated how the quality, amount of dissolved oxygen, nitrates, phosphates and the temperature of the water in the River Roding System affected the distribution of organisms in the river. I chose six suitable sites along the river Roding System: Furze Ground, Pyrles Brook, Debdon Brook Downstream, River Roding Upstream, River Roding Middle Stream, and River†¦show more content†¦We waited 1 minute. The colour on the pad was compared with the colour chart to see the nitrate level. The nitrate level was recorded. Then a phosphate test was carried out. Firstly 5ml of the water from the river was placed in a container. There were two reagents. 5 drops of reagent 1 and 1 micro spoon of reagent 2 was added to the water. The lid was replaced and the container was shaken. We waited 2 minutes and took the lid off. The colour of the mixture was compared with the colour chart and the phosphate content was recorded. Then the oxygen test was carried out. The meter was set for air and the probe was placed in the air. His was set as 100%. The probe was then placed in the river and the reading went down or up comparing its oxygen content with the oxygen in the air. Finally the temperature of the water was measured. This was done using a thermometer. At each sight we also noted down descriptions of the site e.g. the surrounding land use, the cleanliness of the water, the depth and width of the river. This was done so that the pollution of the river could be explained. Safety While doing the freshwater fieldwork there were a few safety hazards. There was a chance of infection occurring e.g. Weils Disease. Therefore I had to take precautions: 1) small cuts covered with tape, 2) gloves worn, 3) no eating or drinking in the field, 4) no fooling

Dimensions of interprofessional practice Free Essay Example, 3000 words

In this assignment through the scenario presented here, this author will present the reflective account of her practice involving this patient, and this reflective account would explore the dimensions of interprofessional practice. This will be done using John’s model of reflection, which is usually used as a guide for analysis of a critical incident or reflections on experience (Heath, 1998). This model is useful for more complex decision making and analysis. However, in this model there is need for a supervisor throughout their learning experience, and hence this is called guided reflection. If these reflections are shared, through shared reflections on learning experiences, the professional can acquire greater meaning for those experiences (Price and Chalker, 2000). In this model, Crapers four patterns of knowing, such as aesthetics, personal, ethics, and empirics have been combined with reflexivity so it allows the health professional to develop an epistemological base of reflections, although it has been criticised that this adds to nothing since this is mainly a response to a situation that has already been resolved (Heath, 1998). It has been interpreted as a means to take the situation forward if in an ongoing process or as a means to consolidate learning for the future time. We will write a custom essay sample on Dimensions of interprofessional practice or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now While Johns model pays great attention to the feelings and experiences with analysis of the influencing factors and possible exploration of other means of handling a clinical situation or an event in order to consolidate learning, it can be argued that similar reflective process and outcomes can be achieved through other models such as Gibbs cycle. It is a fairly straightforward model with clear description of the situation, analysis of the feelings, evaluation of the experience followed by analysis of the sense of the experience leading to a conclusion where all options are considered while reflecting up on the experiences and possible implications of them if such a situation arose again in practice (Wilding, 2008). In this particular scenario, this model has not been used since while considering level 3 or 4, in terms of theories, evidences, or other broader factors, this model is not suitable and needs adjustments, which is difficult to achieve i n this scenario. In this assignment, the case scenario of a 6-year-old boy will be analyzed, and following the NMC code of conduct, the identity and confidentiality of this patient will remain undisclosed. In this assignment, this patients scenario will be analyzed, examined, and reflected upon to explore multiple facets of interprofessional practice, the role of teamwork and team, and importance of knowledge and evidence-based practice in the implementation of interprofessional practice in teams.

Must-Know Tennis Terms in French

Whether you love playing tennis or watching the major international tournaments, you need to know tennis terminology  to fully appreciate the games. Why in French? Well, if youre witnessing the prestigious French Open,  created in 1891 and now  held annually  over late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, you wont miss a play or aside if you understand the players and commentators. Or maybe you want to read tennis analysis in a major French publication. If you know the lingo, you win again. The French Open and the Grand Slam Where does the French Open fit into the scheme of major international tournaments? Most importantly, its the  second major  tennis tournament comprising the global Grand Chelem (Grand Slam)  each year; the other three, in chronological order, are the  Australian Open, the  U.S. Open,  and  Wimbledon.  The  Grand Slam  tournaments, called  majors, are the worlds four most important tennis  events, each held over two grueling weeks and each offering the most prize money, attention, ranking points, and more. Tennis Singles Stars As of 2017, the winningest mens Grand Slam player of all time is Roger Federer of Switzerland who has won 19 majors: the Australian Open five times, the French Open once, Wimbledon eight times, and the US Open five times. Spains Rafael Nadal comes in second with 15 title wins, and American Pete Sampras is third with 14. Australian Margaret Court, now in her 70s, still holds the distinction of the most majors singles titles with 24: 11 wins at Australian Opens, five at the French Open, three at Wimbledon, and five at the US Open. American Serena Williams follows at 23. Steffi  Graf  of Germany  won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, and  in 1988, this phenomenal player  became the first and only tennis player (male or female) to achieve the  Golden Slam  by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year. She is also the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times. With records like this, its easy to see why tennis can be an exciting sport for both players and spectators. To understand the action, here, for your edification and enjoyment, are the top tennis terms in the French language. The World of Tennis, in French le tennis   tennis(le tournoi de) Roland-Garros, les Internationaux de France   French Open(le tournoi de tennis de) Wimbledon   Wimbledonun Grand Chelem a  Grand Slamsimple messieurs   mens singlessimple dames   womens singlesdouble messieurs   mens doublesdouble dames   womens doubles The People of Tennis   un arbitre a  refereeune invitation a  wild cardun joueur de tennis a  tennis playerun juge de ligne a  line judgele serveur the  serverle ramasseur de balles the  Ã‚  ball boyla tà ªte de sà ©rie the  seed, seeded playerla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro un the  top seed, number one seedla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro deux the  number two seed Tennis Courts and Equipment la balle de tennis the  tennis ballle carrà © de service the  service boxle choix de cà ´tà ©s the  choice of sidesle choix de service  Ã‚  the choice of servicele couloir  Ã‚  the alley, the tramlinesle court the  courtun court de terre battue a  clay courtun court en dur   a hard courtun court en gazon a  grass courtle filet the  netla ligne de fond the  baselinela ligne de service the  service linela raquette the tennis racket Tennis Serves and Shots un ace an  aceun amorti a  drop shotla balle de service a  service ballun coup a  strokele coup droit the  forehandla deuxià ¨me balle the  second serveune double faute a  double faultun effet a  spinune faute a  fault, error, outun let a  letle lift a  topspinun lob a  lobun revers a  backhandun revers à   deux mains a  two-handed backhandle service the  serve,  serviceun  slice a  sliceun smash a  smashune volà ©e a  volley Tennis Scoring rien, zà ©ro   lovequinze   fifteentrente   thirtyquarante   fortyA / quinze A   all / fifteen allpartout / quinze partout   all / fifteen allà ©galità ©   deuceavantage service   ad-in, advantage inavantage dehors   ad-out, advantage outla balle de break   break pointla balle de jeu   game pointla balle de match   match pointla balle de set   set pointune dà ©cision   callle jeu   gameun jeu dà ©cisif   tie-breakerjeu, set, match   game, set, matchle match the  matchout   outle set, la manche   setsur la ligne   on the line The Action donner de leffet (à   une balle)   to put spin (on a ball)à ªtre au service   to have the service, to be servingfrapper   to hitjouer   to playprendre le service de quelquun   to break someones serveservir   to servetenir le score   to keep the score

M3 Explain How the Results from Measuring and Managing...

Measuring and managing helps a company to improve quality, retain key employees and be ahead of their competitors. A company can see how well a business is doing by the amount of customers and profits they make. They can compare how well employees work by checking each employee individually to see how much they have produced. Measuring employee development can be done by: Bench marking Using standard measurements in a service can be used to compare with other organizations in order to gain perspective on organizational performance. Performance management bring together many of the elements which go to make up the successful practice of people management, including learning and development. We’re used to thinking of ongoing performance†¦show more content†¦an employee may feel they would like to attend a particular course in the coming appraisal period, but if it does not met a business need the manager may need to persuade them to understand different trainings. Since Marriott hotel has products and service they can see how many guests have check in and out within the last months. Like this they can manage and see that customers are satisfied with their staff’s performances. They can also calculate the amount of complaints taken and who worked on that day to have their individual judgment on how they can improve customers satisfaction. Goal setting is important for providing ongoing and year end feedback. By monitoring targets management can give their employees input on their performances while motivating them to achieve more. It is important that targets are relevant to employee as well as the employer so they everyone is aware of what needs to be achieved and that way in which the targets will help to meet the business and employee needs. Staying on top of employee progress will help from any mistakes coming in the long run. This could be done by asking your employee what type of monitoring and feedback would be most helpful to the m, especially if the task is challenging or if it’s the first time there doing it. A good way to measure and manage your employee is to have performance evaluation system, managers can then see their results and the targets that can perform, achieve and makeShow MoreRelatedunit 16958 Words   |  4 Pagesachieve this, staff will have to be properly selected, trained and managed. Managers have to understand how to motivate employees and win their commitment to the organisation. By the end of this unit you must know the factors involved in human resource planning, how organisation motivate employees, how organisation gain employees co-operation and understand the importance of managing employee performance at work. 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DRUCKER Contents Introduction: Tomorrow’s â€Å"Hot† Issues 1 Management’s New Paradigms 2 Strategy—The New Certainties 3 The Change Leader 4 Information Challenges 5 Knowledge-Worker Productivity 6 Managing Oneself Acknowledgments About the Author Books By Peter F. Drucker Credits Front Cover Copyright About the Publisher iii Introduction: Tomorrow’s â€Å"Hot† Issues Where, readers may ask, is the discussion of COMPETITIVE STRATEGY, of LEADERSHIPRead MoreAcca F5111177 Words   |  445 PagesPAPER F5 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT P R A C T I C E R E V I S I O N K I T In this January 2010 new edition We discuss the best strategies for revising and taking your ACCA exams We show you how to be well prepared for your exam We give you lots of great guidance on tackling questions We show you how you can build your own exams We provide you with three mock exams including the December 2009 exam We provide the ACCA examiner s answers as well as our own to the June and December 2009 examsRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesLuis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy Peck, Chris Olsen, Jay Devore Acquisitions Editor: Carolyn Crockett Development Editor: Danielle Derbenti Assistant Editor: Beth Gershman Editorial Assistant: Ashley Summers Technology Project Manager: Colin Blake Marketing Manager: Joe Rogove Marketing Assistant: Jennifer Liang Marketing Communications Manager: Jessica PerryRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesIndustrial Engineering and Statistics and the Arizona State University Foundation Professor of Engineering. 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Deforestation And Global Climate Change - 2015 Words

Human development relies on deforestation as a method to reclaim land, to cultivate more farmlands, to sell forest products and to increase economic prosperity, but with serious consequences of environmental degradation and global climate change. The country of Nepal has an alarming rate of deforestation. Due to its geographical positioning, it is in a prime position to sequester a significant amount of carbon from our atmosphere with its forests. However, like much of South Asia, Nepal has lost much of the forest that was once widespread and only 30% of the forest that covered Nepal still remains (Niraula et al. 2013). Although there are varying definitions of deforestation, this report follows the authority of the UN Food and Agriculture (FAO) defines deforestation as â€Å"forest loss where tree cover is reduced to less than 10% of the previously forested area† (CITE) †¨ Conceptual Framework This report seeks to define the causes of deforestation in Nepal based on the works of Geist and Lambin (2002), who developed a framework for understanding deforestation as resulting from broad and complex underlying causes which in turn enable or encourage the agents of deforestation who embody the direct, or proximate causes. Proximate causes of deforestation are dominantly results of human action, and can be understood as being comprised of three main categories, namely agricultural expansion, wood extraction and infrastructure extension. The factors underlying these can be divided intoShow MoreRelatedExplain Why Is Anthropogenic Activities Surrounding Deforestation The Primary Drive Of Global Climate Change839 Words   |  4 Pagesanthropogenic CO2 is the issue of today and it is the primary driver of global warming. It has significant consequence not only on the environmental but also economically. This can be viewed from several different perspectives. There is evidence to sup port both opinions on this topic it is created by natural or humans activates. So, is anthropogenic activities surrounding deforestation the primary drive of global climate change? 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Hackers Who Stole Information from Law †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss About The Hackers Who Stole Information From Law? Answer: Introducation The paper reflects on the case scenario Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million for analyzing the ethical issues that are present within the scenario with the help of doing ethics technique. In the case scenario, three Chinese citizens were ordered by the court to pay around $$8.8 million as they were engaged into hacking of two prominent law firms that are based in New York. They generally engaged in hacking quite sensitive data as well as plans for various upcoming corporate acquisitions, mergers as well as for various trading shares that utilizes different non-public inside information (Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million, 2017). The three Chinese persons include Hong who was 26 years old, Bo Zheng who was 30 years old and 50 years old hung Chin were fined $8,895,561.12. It is analyzed that they generally earn $3 million with the help of illegal profits through various insider-trading scheme. The hackers installed different types of malwares on the networks that generally belong to the law firms as well as IT administration accounts, which helps in providing access to each of the email id of the company. The Chinese people stole important as well as sensitive data from email archives. It is identified that both the Hong and Zheng are generally engaged in stealing various emails of attorneys that are mainly involved in various acquisitions as well as mergers due to the potential of huge rewards (Cluley, 2017).They also targeted five other law firms with the help of various hacking gang and therefore managed to repel the attacks. It is claimed by the US securities as well as exchange commission that the hackers mainly spent around $7.5 million for buying shares in Altera, which is one of the well-known semiconductor companies. The main reason behind it is that Hong, Zheng as well as chin knew about the unreleased report, which the company wants to be acquired with the help of the Intel Corporation. In one of the incident, both Hong and chin purchased shares in BordFree, which is an e-commerce company that is generally accounted for at least 25% of the total trading volume of the company. Both Hong as well as Zheng achieved appropriate amount of profit with the help of the trading shares in InterMune, which is one of the renowned Pharmaceutical Company. As per the report of the BBC news, the three citizens from china were found guilty of numerous serious issues and therefore the three of them can get lengthy imprisonment (Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million MCYSECC, 2017). However, none of the person appeared in the court for contesting the charges. According to the SEC, this type of case that deals with charging hackers due to hacking networks of law firms were brought to the court for the first time. This may be the case but it is not the first time that hacking of information or sensitive data occurs for assisti ng insider trade. In the year 2016, the security headline are entire full of stories about the hackers who hacks various data as well as information including financial as well as personal information from various publicly trading organization before they were made public. The collected or gathered information from these organizations are used by the hackers to make huge profits on the stock market (Cluley, 2017). A 28-year-old man named Vadym Lermolovych who was found guilty, as he was a part of the gang that generally broke computer networks that belong to the likes of PR newswire as well as business wire for passing appropriate information to a group that crooked securities traders. It is analyzed that PR agencies, newswires, accountants as well as Law firms must ensure that they are working hard in order to secure important information as well as data that are related to the corporate clients for avoiding unauthorized access of information. It is analyzed that the three citizens of china mainly engaged in hacking sensitive data as well as information of a reputed organization, which creates number of issues not only for the organization but also for its clients. Important information as well as data that are hacked by accessing the email of various departments of the organization is considered as an ethical issue (Chouhan, 2014). The data are generally hacked for collecting information about various upcoming corporate acquisitions, mergers as well as for various trading shares that utilizes different non-public inside information. Collection of appropriate information about the organization creates number of financial challenges for the company. The citizens or a hacker from china does not only engage in this case but they are found guilty of many hacking cases that occur recently (Hewson, 2016). Therefore, the court penalized the three people to pay an amount, which is around $8.8 million so that the hackers do not eng age in this type of cases. The hackers were found engaged in several other hacking cases and they used the earned profit for buying shares of renowned companies in order to gain profit (Hack, 2015). The organizations whose corporate related information was accessed faces number of challenges including business detoriation as well as other financial issues. Due to all this, the hackers can get lengthy imprisonment but none of them appeared in the court for contesting the charges. This type of ethical issues must be managed properly in order to mitigate the issues appropriately. . It is analyzed that PR agencies, newswires, accountants as well as Law firms must ensure that they are working hard in order to secure important information as well as data that are related to the corporate clients for avoiding unauthorized access of information (Salman, Saad Ali, 2013). This step can play an important role in minimizing the cases related with hacking as they generally occur as the victims does not keep them prepare for confronting with the issues. The government must also make strict law as well as regulation so that the cases associated with hacking minimize in number (Sharifi et al., 2013). It is analyzed that the hackers are generally penalized to pay $8.8 million so that they does not engage in any further cases that are associated with ethical issue. It is quite important for the organization to adopt several policies as well as procedures so that hacking of i nformation as well as data is reduced (Lin, Abney Bekey, 2014). The organization must also use some tool and techniques that helps in providing appropriate security as well as privacy to various data and information, which are associated with business. Doing Ethics Technique The paper reflects on Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million for analyzing the various ethical issues that are associated with the scenario by utilizing doing ethics technique. It is analyzed that Chouhan (2014) doing ethics techniques is defined as a procedure that is utilized for determining the ethical issues in any of the case scenarios. What is going on? The three citizens of china named Hong, Bo Zheng and hung Chin engaged in hacking sensitive data as well as information of two law firms in order to gather appropriate data as well as knowledge about upcoming corporate acquisitions, mergers as well as for various trading shares that utilizes different non-public inside information. They mainly collected various sensitive data as well as information of the organization due to which the firm faces number of challenges including financial challenges (Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million, 2017). The citizens not only hacked the data of the law firm for the first time but they also engage in this type of scenarios several time. The hacking is mainly completed by the with the help of a gang of hackers who generally helps in creating unauthorized access in the organization and steals appropriate information as well as data. Due to this activity, the court charges the three citiz ens of china with an amount of $8.8 million so that this type of cases may be minimized in number. It is analyzed that as the hackers were involved in other hacking cases, they can get lengthy life imprisonment but none of them were appeared in the court for contesting their charges. What are the facts? The hacking of law firm that is done with the help of three citizens of china raises number of issues for the organization. The hackers generally installed malwares on the networks of the organization that generally belong to the law firms as well as IT administration accounts (Cluley, 2017). The installation of malwares on the various network helps in providing appropriate access to the hackers to get proper as well as sensitive information from the email accounts without proper authorization. In this way, the hackers collected information as well as data that are related with various upcoming mergers, trading shares as well as about different upcoming corporate acquisitions (Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million MCYSECC, 2017). This creates number of issues for the organization as they lose their financial stability as well as position in the target market. However, the hackers utilize the profit and purchased shares of renowned companies in order to gain much. Due to this, the hackers were penalized to pay $8.8 million to the government, as they were found guilty of the act. What are the issues? The three persons from china hacked the law firms by installing malwares within the network of the organization, which led them to achieve sensitive information as well as data from about various types of plans of the organization (Cluley, 2017).The hacking that occurs in the law firms creates number of issues for the organization. The organization loses its financial stability as well as position in the target market. The financial lose that arises in the organization is quite high and as a result the business of the organization diminishes. The information related with the corporate also is hacked due to which the third party or the employees that are associated with the organization also suffered (Brems Lavrysen, 2015). Hacking of personal information of the employees led to number of issues including loss of personal information including bank details due to which the employees of the organization can also be targeted. The third parties associated with firm also suffer due to th e scenario. Who is affected? The three citizens of china became successful in hacking the sensitive information as well as data of the law firm by installing malwares in the network of the organization. This creates problems for both the organization as well as victims (Wache et al., 2015). The business organization faces problems as all this important information as well as data are accessed by the hackers and due to which the firm losses its financial stability as well as position in the target market. All the plans that are associated with upcoming corporate acquisitions, mergers as well as for various trading shares were highlighted due to which the organization became unsuccessful in achieving them (Cluley, 2017).The hackers are also affected due to the scenario. This is because they are found guilty by the government and as a result, the government asked them to pay an amount that is around $8.8 million. What are the ethical issues and implications? The law firm was hacked by some hackers from china by installing malwares on the networks of the organization that generally belong to the law firms as well as IT administration accounts (Haug, 2015). The installation leads to provide appropriate access to the hackers due to which they get access on the sensitive data as well as information without authorization and therefore can utilize that information in wrong intension. This whole scenario is considered as an ethical issue as it harms the law firm whose information as well as data is collected. The organization losses its financial stability and market position due to this occurrence. The financial loss that the organization suffered is quite high (Sulaima et al., 2014). Therefore, it is very much important for the organization to be aware of such kind of issues so that they do not have to confront with such issues that diminishes their business condition as well as financial earning. What can be done about it? The ethical issue that generally rises due to hacking of sensitive information as well as data from the organization by installing malware within the organization can be resolved by implementing appropriate strategies that are helpful in resolving the issues (Sulaima et al., 2014). The government must adopt strict rules as well as regulation so that the problem that is related with hacking can be minimized to some extent. The organization must be aware about the various types of issues that can arise in the organization in order to keep both the data as well as information secure from hacking. What options are there? There are number of options that can be utilized in order to resolve the issue as well as challenges that are related with hacking. The options include: Implementation of strict rules and regulation: The government of the organization must implement strict rules as well as regulations so that the problems that generally arise due to hacking can be managed appropriately. Awareness among the stakeholders of the organization: Proper awareness must be provided to the employees of the organization so that they can manage the problems that are associated with hacking properly without facing much problem (Haug, 2015). Training of employees: The employees of the organization are generally trained so that they can manage any ethical issue that arises due to hacking appropriately without facing much problem. Implementation of appropriate applications to provide privacy: The organization must implement proper programs as well as applications that are helpful in providing appropriate authentication, authorization as well as privacy to the important information as well as data of the organization (Egelman et al., 2013). This helps in minimizing the chances of hacking data by unauthorized access. Which option is best and why? It is analyzed that implementation of appropriate application within the organization is considered as one of the most appropriate step that is helpful in resolving the issues that is associated with hacking. This is because the application that is implemented helps in providing appropriate security, privacy, authorization as well as authentication so that that any issues or challenges that are associated with hacking can be managed appropriately (Prosek Holm, 2014). The chances of hacking due to installing malware or any other unauthorized method can be detected earlier and as a result hacking is impossible due to the presence of such application. All other options are helpful in minimizing the chances of hacking but the implementation of appropriate application within organization also in reducing the chances of occurrence of hacking, which is considered advantageous for the organization. References Prosek, E. A., Holm, J. M. (2014). Counselors and the military: When protocol and ethics conflict.The Professional Counselor,4(2), 93-102. Haug, C. J. (2015). Peer-review fraudhacking the scientific publication process.N Engl J Med,2015(373), 2393-2395. Sulaima, M. F., Lew, H. S., Lau, C. Y., Lim, C. K., Azily, A. T. (2014). A CASE STUDY OF ENGINEERING ETHICS: LESSON LEARNED FROM BUILDING COLLAPSE DISASTER TOWARD MALAYSIAN ENGINEERS.European International Journal of Science and Technology,3(4), 21-30. Wache, C., Klein, M., Ostergaard, C., Angele, B., Hcker, H., Pfister, H. W., ... Vogl, T. (2015). Myeloid-related protein 14 promotes inflammation and injury in meningitis.Journal of Infectious Diseases,212(2), 247-257. Sharifi, M., Dryden, E. M., Horan, C. M., Price, S., Marshall, R., Hacker, K., ... Taveras, E. M. (2013). Leveraging text messaging and mobile technology to support pediatric obesity-related behavior change: a qualitative study using parent focus groups and interviews.Journal of medical Internet research,15(12), e272. Lin, P., Abney, K., Bekey, G. (2014). Ethics, War, and Robots. InEthics and Emerging Technologies(pp. 349-362). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Van Gils, A., Dibrell, C., Neubaum, D. O., Craig, J. B. (2014). Social issues in the family enterprise. Salman, A., Saad, S., Ali, M. N. S. (2013). Dealing with Ethical Issues among Internet Users: Do We Need Legal Enforcement?.Asian Social Science,9(8), 3. Hack, C. (2015). Analytical rubrics in higher education: A repository of empirical data.British Journal of Educational Technology,46(5), 924-927. Hewson, C. (2016). Ethics issues in digital methods research. InDigital Methods for Social Science(pp. 206-221). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Bolen, D. M., Adams, T. E. (2017). Narrative ethics.The Routledge international handbook on narrative and life history. New York, NY: Routledge. Chouhan, R. (2014). Cyber Crimes: Evolution, Detection and Future Challenges.IUP Journal of Information Technology,10(1), 48. Cummings, J. A., Zagrodney, J. M., Day, T. E. (2015). Impact of open data policies on consent to participate in human subjects research: discrepancies between participant action and reported concerns.PloS one,10(5), e0125208. Brems, E., Lavrysen, L. (2015). Dont Use a Sledgehammer to Crack a Nut: Less Restrictive Means in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights.Human Rights Law Review,15(1), 139-168. Cluley, G. (2017).Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million.WeLiveSecurity. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/05/11/hackers-stole-information-law-firms-made-millions-insider-trading-fined-9-million/ Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million MCYSECC. (2017).Maritimecybersecurity.center. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://www.maritimecybersecurity.center/hackers-who-stole-information-from-law-firms-and-made-millions-by-insider-trading-fined-9-million/ Hackers who stole information from law firms and made millions by insider trading, fined $9 million. (2017).Tirate un ping. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://tirateunping.wordpress.com/2017/05/11/hackers-who-stole-information-from-law-firms-and-made-millions-by-insider-trading-fined-9-million

Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management Of Amazon Web Services

Question: 1. Discuss the requirements for remote administration, resource management and SLA management. It may be useful to consider Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for DSIs OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 2. Discuss briefly how you will consider application resilience, backup and disaster recovery for your chosen provider in relation to OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 3. Use Erls SLA guidelines to assess the SLA for your chosen provider. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 4. Provide a covering one to two page executive summary of these two assessments to DSI Executive Management and summarise the major opportunities and risks that have been identified in your assessments. Answer: Executive Summary This paper is aimed at introducing and presenting the main drivers of resource administration, resource management, SLA management, application resilience, back-up and disaster discovery. Erls guideline to assessing SLA is discussed in reference to Amazon Web Services. This study captures a number of concepts. Methods of controlling computers controlling from a central location are discussed in details i.e. the remote administration. The structure of a remote administration is summarized in this study. It captures the necessary requirements to carry out remote administration effectively which included internet and connection. The common tasks for a remote administration are viewed in details capturing aspects such as modification and access of peripherals. A popular task for remote administration known as hacking is also viewed in details and how it can affect remote administration. Remote administration software that is currently used wireless devices such as palm devices and mobile phones are studied (Wireless Remote Administration). Resource Management and Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management requirements are tackled in the research. The structures of Resource Management and SLA Management are studied and an overview is provided. SLA is viewed as a contract between its service providers and the customers that are specified. The service providers are penalized if they cannot meet their committed goals. Resource management involves effective development of the resources of the organization when the need exists. The resources may include human skills, resources on finance, or IT. A summary of the applications of resilience, back-up and disaster discovery is given in this context. The study also uses Erls guidelines to assess SLA in reference to the given case study, Amazon Web Services. A summary is then provided on the opportunities and risks that have been identified in the study. SLA Assessment of Amazon Web Services Requirements for a Remote Administration Remote Administration is defined as a procedural or method of directing, controlling of computing devices from some remote location. This process always involves the use of some software that has been already developed to suit this process. Such software that allows control from some remote location are increasingly common in the modern world and it is often used globally when being near a system in order to use it physically is either impractical or difficult. Patel, P., Ranabahu, A. H., Sheth, 2009, p.123) However, it is also important to be noted that remote administration may be either legal or illegal e.g. hacking. Malicious computer programs such as the Trojan have been developed by hackers which actually leads the users of the true intent that they actually need to gain. Hackers have developed a hacking system known as owned, this actually originated from the early 1990s. Owned involves rooting or gaining administrative authority and control over another individuals computer (Patel, Ranabahu, Sheth, 2009, p.64). Hacking, therefore, is a serious problem to the remote administration that needs to be dealt with in order to experience the best remote administration. The various requirements for a remote administration include; Internet Connectivity For a computing device to be remotely controlled, an internet connection, either on Local Area Network (LAN) or TCP/IP is required. Both the systems that need to be remotely controlled must be connected to a source of internet and the IP address of the server system/host must be known in order to administer effectively. Server Software Remote administration is aimed at providing non-malicious administration. In order to provide this, users need to install or enable server software on the server or host system. This will enable the user to access the host system/server from another computer using the software installed. Requirements for Resource Management and SLA Management Resource management in organizational studies usually refers to the effective and efficient development of the resources when such organizations are in need of them. The organization may be in need of such resources as; inventory, IT, human skills, resources of financing or production resources (Liu, Ngu, Zeng, 2004, p.134). Some of the various requirements for a successful resource management may include; Resource Management Software These are instructions /tools that automate and assist in the process of resource allocation. This will clearly help the organization to clearly know and understand the number of employees with the skills that are required. This also helps the organization to ensure that the workforce is allocated on the various projects within the organization Resource Leveling This technique aims at reducing shortages and inventories that are in excess. It also helps to smooth resources that are at hand. The main aim of resource management is to ensure maximum utilization of both the resources and the workforce that are available within the organization. Service Level Agreement (SLA) refers to a contract that exists between a service provider and the end user (clients) that defines the standards and levels of service that the end user should expect from the service provider. They specifically define what the customer will receive from the service provider. SLA may either be from an external or internal provider. SLA provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) represents a basic example from an external provider (Buyya, Yeo, Venugopal, 2008, p.223). Application Resilience Generally, application resilience is defined as the vibrancy of an application to react to problems and challenges of its components and still remain the best service provider (Amazon, 2015, p.43). AWS will actually need resilient applications to rapidly continue with software implementation over multi-tier, multiple technology infrastructures. Multiple degrees of technology environments tend to have failures and security issues, its, therefore, important to test the resilience of an application. When the resilience is tested there will provision of ability to check the following; Security and Privacy Issues Amazon Web Service (AWS) requires continuous maintenance of its security systems in order to provide quality services. An application that is resilient will help it maintain security issues that may arise due to hacking and other malicious practices. Scalability This means the capacity fluctuation or responsiveness. Amazon Web Service needs a resilient application that is highly responsive to change that may be needed on the systems. The application should be able to cope with such changes as web maintenance or system maintenance without experiencing any breakdowns. Risk to business Amazon Web Service will need an application with the least risk to all organization when there is a failure of such applications may be when running updates. Application Backup and Disaster Recovery In IT, back-up simply means copying and archiving data to enable its usage to restore the original data after an event of losing such data. The prime purpose of back-up is to enable one to restore data after deletion or corruption (Terry, Prabhakaran, Kotla, Balakrishnan, Aguilera, Abu-Libdeh, 2013, p.113) Amazon Web Service tends to handle a lot of data within their systems. This data may be accidentally lost due to accidental deletion or corruption of the original files, it is, therefore, necessary for AWS to continuously backup their data so as to avoid loss of their material data. Disaster recovery in IT refers to procedural strategies and policies that have been set in place by an organization to enable recovery or existence of material information. It is, therefore, crucial for Amazon Web Services to actually, come up with strategies that will enable them to carry out disaster recovery (Zheng, Lyu, 2012, p.101). This together with application back-up will enable Amazon Web Service to minimize the risk of losing crucial information to the organization by hacking, deletion or corruption of files. IT disaster recovery control measures to be strategized by Amazon Web Service should be classified into corrective, preventive, and detective. Earls Guidelines Earls guidelines are simply the standards of Service Level Agreement that are acceptable globally and recommended. Some of these deployed in Amazon Web Service include; Neutrality to Technological changes. Cloud computing services are flexibility and extensibility for which neutralization of technology is essential. This simply means that an SLA needs to be flexible and be able to move to all extents of technological development. This is stipulated on the neutrality of technology. Amazon Web Service needs to implement SLAs that can easily neutralize with the changes in technology. AWS needs to provide SLAs that are flexible and non-rigid when a change in technology is essential. Applicability The guidelines outlines that the SLAs should not only be acceptable in one country or just or region but across the globe. Internet service is a channel where communication is always done globally; it is equally built on standards that are owed respect globally. The same way, cloud services have audience worldwide ranging from NGOs to small businesses. Amazon web Services tends to provide a cloud computing service that accounts for national and local legislations, policies and laws that everyone can benefit from all over the world. Conformance Earls guidelines stipulate that SLAs should be neutral when it comes to business model. Under this provision, the cloud SLAs are required not to mandate a specific approach for a given concept. The Cloud Service providers are, therefore, required to fully document their approach towards achieving Service Level Objectives (SLOs) for every concept that is listed in their cloud SLA based on the standard vocabulary and concept. Amazon Web Service clearly documents their SLA and their Service Level Objectives are listed in a standard vocabulary and methods of achieving every concept are given. Informative SLA Recommended standards provide it that the SLA of a cloud service provider should more of informative and not just provide its structure but instead, they should be illustrative and specific on concepts that need to be addressed. Material information on the SLA should be provided and not just its structure. (Younis, Kifayat, 2013, p.314) Amazon Web Service gives detailed information on SLA based on their provision of cloud service provision. Thus, they conform to the standards of giving an informative SLA. Summary A number of opportunities and risks have been observed in the operation of a cloud computing service. Operating a cloud computing service may be of help and at the same time, it may be associated with various risks. Some of these include; There is a high risk of loss of information due to hacking and other malicious practices. Frequent maintenance and surveillance is therefore, necessary in order to reduce the risk of losing information. There is an opportunity for operating at lower IT costs. Organizations can rent added server space rather than be maintaining servers without being worried of upgrading their resources when a new application version is available. Availability of information and success of the business is at risk. Business continuity is risked in the cloud computing environment since internet connectivity may frequently be lost. Reference Amazon, E. C. (2015). Amazon web services. Buyya, R., Yeo, C. S., Venugopal, S. (2008, September). Market-oriented cloud computing: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering it services as computing utilities. In High Performance Computing and Communications, 2008. HPCC'08. 10th IEEE International Conference on (pp. 5-13). Ieee. Casalicchio, E., Silvestri, L. (2013). Mechanisms for SLA provisioning in cloud-based service providers. Computer Networks, 57(3), 795-810. Liu, Y., Ngu, A. H., Zeng, L. Z. (2004, May). QoS computation and policing in dynamic web service selection. In Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference on Alternate track papers posters (pp. 66-73). ACM. Ercolani, G. (2013). Cloud Computing Services Potential Analysis. An integrated model for evaluating Software as a Service. Cloud Computing, 77-80. Patel, P., Ranabahu, A. H., Sheth, A. P. (2009). Service level agreement in cloud computing. Raimondi, F., Skene, J., Emmerich, W. (2008, November). Efficient online monitoring of web-service SLAs. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of software engineering (pp. 170-180). ACM. Subashini, S., Kavitha, V. (2011). A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing. Journal of network and computer applications, 34(1), 1-11. Terry, D. B., Prabhakaran, V., Kotla, R., Balakrishnan, M., Aguilera, M. K., Abu-Libdeh, H. (2013, November). Consistency-based service level agreements for cloud storage. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (pp. 309-324). ACM. Younis, M. Y. A., Kifayat, K. (2013). Secure cloud computing for critical infrastructure: A survey. Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom, Tech. Rep. Zhang, Q., Cheng, L., Boutaba, R. (2010). Cloud computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges. Journal of internet services and applications, 1(1), 7-18. Zheng, Z., Lyu, M. R. (2012). Optimal fault tolerance strategy selection for web services. Web Service Composition and New Frameworks in Designing Semantics: Innovations: Innovations, 218.